Some napkin math - as of late 2013, GitHub's main Elasticsearch cluster had ~128 shards of ~120 GB [1]. Obviously they have more data now, and it's not clear whether the number of shards includes replicas, but at current EC2 on-demand prices[2]:
A hybrid multi-layer cache system would likely be more cost effective and still perform nearly as well as dedicated RAM (depending on how the data is structured/sharded/queried).
In RAM.