Gmail is in beta, so Google gets less flak for outages, account lockouts, etc. "It's free and beta, so it's unsupported, take it or leave it". They have a strong position compared to other crappier webmail services.
For browsers it's reversed. Beta = "Can I really trust their browser to handle my online banking SSL connections properly?" It's the "go straight to version 2 to increase adoption" phenomenon.
Edit: Also, strategy. Gmail expands adsense footprint. Chrome is Google's attempt to compete with flash, silverlight, et al. for the future "web OS", following the rule that platforms always end up beating applications.
"We have removed the beta label as our goals for stability and performance have been met but our work is far from done. We are working to add some common browser features such as form autofill and RSS support in the near future. We are also developing an extensions platform along with support for Mac and Linux."